A 3,000-year-old city of Egypt is discovered that is lost under the sands is the most significant archaeological breakthrough since the tomb of Tutankhamun.
Zahi Hawass, an Egyptian archaeologist, has reported the “lost golden city” near Luxor from pharaonic times. Some artifacts, tools, rings, scarabs, coloured pottery vessels, and mud-brick houses bearing seals of Amenhotep’s cartouche that were unseen for centuries have also been found.
Zahi Hawass reported that Luxor’s southern province’s mortuary city was encountered under an Egyptian mission on Thursday. The town was established more than 3,400 years ago under the Amenhotep III dynasty, the mighty pharaohs, and ruled from 1391 to 1353 BC.
In September, the archeologists’ team began the evacuation and found mud-brick formations in all directions within a few weeks. The site gave a remarkable cast into the ancient Egyptians’ lifestyle when the kingdom was most prosperous. Hawass says that the Egyptian archeologist is overseeing the excavation and expects to find a tomb filled with treasures.
Hawass said that many foreign archeologists team had initiated the mission to solve the history mystery of the lost golden city but failed. The team excavated a massive city with almost perfect walls and rooms packed with utensils of everyday life. Overall, the place is in a good position of preservation.
History Mystery: Lost Golden City
The excavations recline on the West Bank of Luxor near the Medinet Habu, Colossi of Memnon, and the Ramesseum, or mortuary temple of King Ramses II. It is not far from the Valley of the Kings. Hawass added the state of preservation, and the number of items from everyday life brought to mind another famous excavation. The ancient references comprise three of Amenhotep III’s mansions and the empire’s administrative and industrial centre.
Lacovara has worked at the Malqata palace area for more than twenty years, although not involved in the excavation. He has said that it is a kind of historical Egyptian Pompeii, and it signifies the crucial need to uphold this site as an archaeological park.
This is a very remarkable finding,” says Peter Lacovara, director of the US-based Ancient Egyptian Heritage and Archaeology Fund, impart by the Press association.
Betsy Brian, professor of Egyptology at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, US, acknowledged the discovery and considered it the most important Egyptian discovery since Tutankhamun’s tomb. He is also a specialist of Amenhotep III’s reign and mentioned in a statement that the site encompasses a vast amount of ovens and furnaces for making glass and faience. Along with the litter of thousands of statues.
By finding the biggest history mystery, Egypt is looking for a way to raise its ancient legacy and culture to flourish its tourism industry, which has been weakening after ages of political turbulence and turmoil stirred up by the corona virus pandemic.
Cleopatra VII Thea Philopator (“the Father-Loving Goddess”) was born 70/69 BCE and died August 30 BCE, Alexandria. She was a powerful Egyptian queen, famous in history and drama as Julius Caesar’s lover was the last Ptolemaic ruler of Egypt (subside from Ptolemy of Macedonia). Cleopatra ruled an empire that included Egypt, Cyprus, modern-day Libya, and other territories in the Middle East. Let us know more about the tomb of celopatra- the history mystery undiscovered
According to Ptolemy’s tradition, she married their siblings even did not wish to. The last queen of Egypt and pharaoh allured Julius Caesar first and then Mark Antony to facilitate her desires for Egpyt. She gives birth to Caeser’s son, Caesarion, and ultimately committed suicide when Marc Antony was defeated by Octavian, later known as Augustus Caesar. It is still unclear if the queen committed suicide or by an asp. They were buried together, as both of them had wished, and with them was buried the Roman Republic.
Antony and Cleopatra VII - a doomed lover
Antony and Cleopatra VII are the two most doomed lovers of Egyptian history. Antony was a Roman general who, for a time, allied with Octavian, the two jointly ruling over Rome’s expanding empire. Antony spent much of his time in Egypt, where he fell for Queen Cleopatra; the couple bore three children together.
After a falling out, Octavian and Antony left a battle with each other in 32 B.C., with Antony’s navy being defeated at the Battle of Actium encountered in 31 B.C. Octavian’s armies then arrived in Egypt, and Antony and the queen committed suicide in Alexandria in 30 B.C.
The early archaeologists Suetonius and Plutarch both declared that Antony and Cleopatra were embedded together inside a grave. Plutarch recorded that Octavian gave an order that the body of Cleopatra should be buried with that of Antony in glorious and majestic style. However, finding the tomb of Cleopatra and Mark Antony yet undiscovered.
Tomb of Cleopatra: Mystery Undiscovered
A Theory Put Forward by Kathleen Martínez- a self-taught Archeologist
A grave inholding two mummies entirely coated in gold foil has been unearthed at Taposiris Magna on Egypt’s Mediterranean coast. However, the topographic point was sealed; however, water penetration left the remains miserable and mostly disintegrated the gold foil. To be buried in such made articles of clothing, they have to are people of high rank. This is considered and promoted as a critical clue to the topographic point of the last queen of Egypt.
Kathleen Martínez is the leader of the mining grave and a lawyer. Martínez formed a theory that the tomb of Cleopatra was at Taposiris Magna and convinced Zahi Hawass to allow her quest for it. Martínez works with a crew of Egyptians, and local tribe members is a self-taught archaeologist. In 2005, she cast an idea and asked for two months to discover Egypt’s last queen’s elusive tomb. After fourteen years of excavations, she was only able to found 200 gold coins bearing the queen’s profile.
Very little anthropology matter has endured that is directly associated with the last queen of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt, most of it consisting of coins release throughout her reign. The written references haven’t any data regarding the situation of her place.
Plutarch’s narrative of her burial chamber focuses on the material resource it contained and the great drama of her and Mark Antony’s demise days. He remarks that Rome’s Emperor allowed the queen regnant to be interred and embalmed with Mark Antony within the royal place. However, nothing regarding wherever it is located is yet found.
History Mystery Undiscovered
Alexandria’s city was once the royal palace of Alexandria has gone through a natural disaster and is now underwater. The tomb of the Ptolemies regimes was made inside the palace boundary. Taposiris Magna was a central port town in Ptolemaic Egypt. It is situated 20 miles west of Alexandria. An immense limestone temple was established there by Ptolemy IV Philopator.
According to the theory formulated by Martínez, Cleopatra cast a grave for herself and Mark Antony in the temple precinct. The reason behind this is assumed that the queen strongly identified with the goddess Isis, consort of Osiris, and wanted them embedded together as incarnations of the deities.
In a decade and a half of mining, Martínez does not discover a legendary tomb, but neither have others. The case with the pair of mummies is the first grave ever reveal inside the temple. However, two priests were unearthed graved at a temple that still shows no clue whatsoever of the presence of the tomb of Cleopatra.
If the theory put forward by her is accurate, then, in that case, she will have put an end to one of Egyptology’s most celebrated mysteries and settled herself as one of the most significant archaeologists in history.
Twin towers attack 9/11 would be the massive terrorist attack in American history. It was the day when all Americans came together to help each other. We lost many people that day. Accountants and employers of that building expected a regular day at work when they were killed by a flying plane. The paramedics, firefighters, and police officers had no clue what they were doing and what happened. Most of them died in the line of duty doing what they sacrificed themselves to do.
What happened on 9/11?
On September 11, 2001, a plane was hijacked. The aircraft were encompassing four passengers by the nineteen militants of the influential Islamist terrorist group Al-Qaeda. Around three thousand people were killed as the airplane crossed into the World Trade Center field Pennsylvania and Pentagon.
The hit's result and impact caused the fire in the building and led to the towers' fall. The twin towers attack was intended against New York City and Washington, D.C. It caused massive devastation and extensive death. Many conspiracy theories turn up immediately after the demolition of New York's Twins towers. And which prevail after more than a year and still after two decades.
What are the Conspiracy Theories behind the twin towers attack?
A news report by ADL reveals that anti-Semitic conspiracy theories placing the blame for September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks on Jews and Israel. They continue to gain currency worldwide and contribute to a new form of global anti-Semitism.
These theories are popular among American right-wing extremists, white supremacists, and the Arab and Muslim world. They claim that Israel, not Osama bin Laden, was behind the horrible events of 9/11.
These theories are a new turn on centuries-old accusations charging that Jews manipulate and control world affairs for their benefit. They are willing to wreak destruction on the world to attain dominance. Conspiracists reporting these theories argue that the 9/11 twin towers attack fit into the pattern of deceit, manipulation, and corruption that has been the Jews' "trademark."
In connection with the Internet, the conspiracy theories have prompted a bizarre cross-fertilization of anti-Semitic beliefs between European. Anti-Semites of America on the one hand, and Arab and Muslim anti-Semites other.
Foregrounding and Anti-Government Conspiracy Theory
The chief two believe that government officials had previous information on the interventions. But they did not respond on time. The towers falling were a consequence of controlled destruction to affect intense aircraft collisions.
Thus, it is theorized that a missile knocked the pentagon. But with more proof, theorists are starting to accuse the pentagon. And declare the towers collapsing happened from explosions.
The conspiracist theorists of the 9/11 twin towers attack claim that the U.S. officials had prior knowledge about the attack. For instance, Michael Meacher is a retired British environment minister and member of Tony Blair's government. He said in an interview that the United States was knowingly unsuccessful in preventing the attacks.
Some primary debates if the United States Armed Forces and the Bush authority had prior awareness of the planned attack methods related to Al-Qaeda's activities inside America. The put option of the United Airlines, American Airlines, and other traders designate the prior knowledge. Also, the reason for not publicly disclosing the identities of traders.
Anti-Semitic Basis of 9/11 Conspiracy Theory
According to Anti Defamation League (ADL), Anti-Semitic conspiracists claim that Israeli agents carried out the 9/11 attacks. They allege the only ones with enough cunning and wickedness to commit such an act. Their theories bring the Orders of the Elders of Zion into the 21st era by refreshing a well-known theme: Jews are inherently evil and have a "master plan" to rule the world.
The Devil's Advocate has shifted the level, Conspiracy theories, including Jews, revealing that "The conspiracy theories concentrate on Israel, not Jews."
World Trade Center Conspiracy Theory
The Conspiracy theorists believe that the World Trade Center was the cause of regulated destruction. Conspiracist theorists consider the World Trade Center came down in a controlled demolition. Later, Larry Silverstein decided the best thing to do would be to detonate seven hours after the towers were hit. Theorists believe a plane never crashed because debris was never recovered and where the aircraft would hit would be very small to fit a bigger Boeing 757.
In this case, NIST inspectors discovered destruction to the structure and considered the intense burning, which is the cause of the towers' ultimate fall. WTC 7 might have faced the physical damage it acquired or the fire that burned for hours. But those linked factors, along with the building's unusual construction, were adequate to set off the chain-reaction destruction.
Foreign Government Theory
Some conspiracists believe that the Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) of Pakistan has played a significant role in funding the attack to succeed. There are also alleges that many other foreign intelligence powers, like the Israeli Mossad, had foreknowledge of the attacks. Saudi Arabia may have performed a part in funding the attacks.
There are also alleges that many other foreign intelligence powers, like the Israeli Mossad, had pre-knowledge of the attacks. Saudi Arabia may have performed a part in funding the attacks.
General Hamid Gul is a retired ISI leader. He considers the attacks were an "internal matter" arising in the United States, executed through Israel or neoconservatives.
Francesco Cossiga is the former President of Italy from 1985 until his 1992 retirement over Operation Gladio. He stated that it is general knowledge among the Italian center-left that the 9/11 attacks were a collective action CIA Mossad. A report designated that he did not accept this.
No-planes Conspiracy Theory
Retired lead economist under the Bush administration, Morgan Reynolds within the Labor Development, disputed that any planes are employed in the attack. Reynolds declares that it is absurd that the Boeing aircraft of Flights 11 and 175 could have entered the towers' steel structures. He said that digital compositing was used to represent the aircraft hits in both news stories and amateur video.
Although discussion of no-plane theories is still banned from certain conspiracy theory websites, they advocate that they have sometimes been threatened with violent disturbance by posters at other conspiracy opinion websites.
By understanding at straws and blaming anything other than ridiculous, aimless brutality, Truthers believe that the very trademark of al-Qaeda's campaign. The truthers try to make an order where none exists. In conclusion, the only people they want to consider better themselves.
Mimis are like fairy spirits whose existence was found in Australia. We get to know about them from some of the Indigenous Australians tribes. They are usually playful and benevolent. According to the information, these spirits were fragile and they had long bodies. They were so thin that they fell when the wind speed was higher. It was a major risk for them. That is why the Mimi spirits preferred to spend most of their time in rock caves.
There is a hearsay that the ancient American people got to know the hunting process from the Mimi spirits. For example, the Mimis showed the old American people how to prepare kangaroo meat, use fires in their daily lives, etc. These spirits behaved like humans, but they used to live differently. We have got proof of their existence from the arts of the freshwater period.
The Australian Museum, located in Sydney, N.S.W., described them in their web article named "Indigenous Australia Spirituality." They said that the Mimi spirits are both thin and tall and have human forms. Their behavior is usually pleasant, although they have human forms. The Mimis are generally harmless, but on occasions, they become mischievous. Mimi spirits are the ones who taught the American people how to paint. They have done the first rock paintings. They lived in groups in the rock crevices.
Mimis have been seen in a cave where they also appeared in back arts. These arts are known to us as the paintings on rock shelters. From the resources of Gunwinggu country, we came to know that the Mimis were too thin to walk. According to them, they didn't have much flesh. Therefore, the bones get stuck when these spirits walk.
Story Of A Young Boy And The Mimi Spirits:
If you want to know more about the Mimi spirits, you should know about a boy. This young boy wanted to become a successful hunter like the other tribes. But he was unable to hunt as good as those tribes. Every day he used to get inspiration from his other tribe members when they returned successfully from a hunt. But it was unfortunate that he couldn't learn how to hunt accurately.
That's why the young boy also thought that he would go hunting.
But as usual, he didn't get success. When the sun sets, they start their work as they used to come out at night only.
At first, the boy used to get frightened by the spirits. But later, he became friendly with the Mimi spirits. It is because he realized very quickly that the Mimi spirits are not harmful. He was the guy who helped them to return to the rock crevices.
From that day, his father started to find him as soon as he returned after tracking. His father was an expert tracker. He followed the tracks of his son and kept looking at this until the tracks suddenly stopped.
Lastly, he stopped in front of a cave. His father can hear the sounds of the Mimi spirits. But to find her boy this, he chanted for a long time until his hair and beard grew. And then after a long time, finally he was able to pull his son out from Mimi's world. It is the complete story of the young boy and the Mimi spirits.
When he returned to the camp, he had learnt a great tracking lesson. He realized that the tribes need to have different types of skills.
Characteristics of Mimi spirits:
As per details, we have got to know that mimi spirits were timid. They lived in the shady cracks and chasms of the rocks of Arnhem Land that is in Northern Australia. These spirits lived there from the beginning of their journey. You can find the painting of the stone in the bark painting. Anchor Bar Buwa Work Dj, a painter from Western Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory, painted the picture. You can see a white area on that picture that refers to the rock, whereas the red area means a chamber. Mimis used to live in that cave.
Shape and size of Mimi spirits:
Mimis have a human form, although they are spirits. They had thin bodies, a big head, and long spindly arms and legs. The Mimis used to carry their weapons to keep themselves safe from the other animals. They usually made kangaroos, crocodiles, rock pythons, goannas, echidnas, fish, turtles, butterflies, birds, and other animals as their pets. They typically have friendly behavior and nature, but they can be angry if anyone tries to threaten their pets.
Thou can also get to know about their livelihood from our article. By following this, you can quickly know how they lived.
Livelihood:
These Mimis were seen only to come out at night. They hunt fish, cultivate the land. According to the resources, we get to know that, as soon as the aboriginal people were born, Mimi spirits taught them how to hunt. Besides, they also taught the older people many things like painting, and other activities. The Aboriginal culture in Northern Australia can be a perfect instance of Mimi spirits in this case.
We can find their existence on the rocks of western Arnhem Land. But, they are also crucial a part of northern Australia's folklore. They were seen all over Australia. The pictures where their existence is depicted can easily let you know about their livelihood and behavior. These arts are known as one of the finest arts on the continent.
They usually preferred to use red ochre. These Mimis are approximately thousands of years old. The male Mimis were thin and naked, whereas the females have large pendulous breasts. Most of the Mimis that are depicted in the paintings came from Oenpelli in Western Arnhem Land and Crocker Island.
Food:
They mainly preferred to eat a kind of yam that was available in Arnhem Land.
Conclusion:
We also know that those who tried to frighten the Mimis can be punished with illness. However, many people believed that they gave good advice to people. The Mimi spirits try to maintain the balance between them and humans.
The spiritual art work of Mowanjum people some four thousand years is called Wandjina. They have found exclusively in Kimberley region of Australia. The people still believe Wandjina paintings posses power and they still treat them with great respect.
According to aboriginal mythology, Wandjina (sometimes named as Wondjina) is god of cloud rain. They are depicted rock art sites spread though out the Kimberley region of Australia. Each rock art site and paintings have different names.
Wandjina- The Spiritual Art Work of Mowanjum People
The Wondjina Paintings were painted predominately using Black, red and yellow on the white background of the rocks. They are of broad-stroke art work. The Sprits depicted in groups and some times in single. The groups of the paintings arranged horizontally or vertically based on the size of the rocks. The paintings depicted the spirits with large upper bodies and heads. They have full body but they lack anatomical detailing.
The Wondjina have larger eyes similar to the eye of storm, nose and without mouse. According to aboriginal, the spirits are more powerful so they do not need a mouth. The Aboriginal believed that Wandjina’s have mouth the rain won’t ease. The headdresses of Wondjina are lines or blocks of colors that depicting the lighting over their heads. To keep the spiritual power within Wondjina Paintings they were repainted annually by the Indigenous people.
The Wondjina is the sacred spirit of the Worrorra, Ngarinyin and Wunumbal tribes of Australia. No one is allowed paint this and the Wondjina image trademarked back in 2015.
Most importantly, Wondjina are radiant and imposing, their dark eyes gazing out from their face spellbind, appearing to rise out from the rock surface.
The Narmer Palette is an Egyptian Ceremonial engraving. The Chevron shaped stone tablet is over two feet tall. It also is known as the Victory Palette and Great Hierakonopolis Palette. The palette shows the first Dynasty King conquering his foes and uniting upper and lower Egypt. The palette is almost the first of its kind dating back 3200-3000BCE. It also depicts one of the earliest hieroglyphics to date. The tablet is said to be made from a single siltstone and represents the first ceremonial tablet of its kind. The very fact that the tablet is found to be carved on both sides shows that it was used for ceremonial purposes and not of the ordinary kind. The palette intricately depicts the king of the First Dynasty in Egypt defeating his enemies and securing the Approval of the gods for uniting the lower and upper parts of Egypt.
The Narmer Palette Scenes:
The engraving shows a king defeating is enemies only to unite Egypt under one rule. Traditionally such a King is called Menes- a king of the first dynastic rule of Egypt that united both the lower and upper halves.
Menes was also associated with his predecessor Narmer who also had ambitions of uniting Egypt under one rule using peaceful means. This was according to discoveries made by the BCE historian Manetho. Another ruler who also had aspirations of ruling a unified Egypt was Hor –Aha, Menes’ successor.
Based on earlier records of Manetho the chronology depicts Menes as the first king of Egypt’s dynasty. But since then records have been lost. Piecing back the earlier records however shows that Manetho might have been wrong. Subsequent archeological finds of artifacts and temples shows the view that Menes was the first king to be wrong. When the Narmer palette was eventually found, there was no express sign showing that it belonged to Menes as the King of the first Dynasty in Egypt. As time passed Menes is now come to symbolize the three kings wishing to unite the upper and lower halves of Egypt and not just one king.
Later Egyptologist Flinders Petrie associated Menes with Narmer, claiming that the two were in fact one person. Menes was merely an honorary name meaning “one who endures” and was conferred on Narmer, this was according to Petrie. As for Hor- Aha- the name is again associated with Menes in that the king was also given the honorary title of Menes.
Archeological Finds
So technically the reference to Narmer was then assumed to be the first king of first dynasty Egypt. The Narmer palette was conferred on him when he united both halves of Egypt under a single rule. The palette shows the king of upper Egypt defeating the then ruler of lower Egypt into uniting Egypt as a whole.
Based on found records and archeological finds Egypt’s unification took place between 3150 BCE to 2680 BCE. Dates for unification of the first dynasty is normally accepted to be 3150BCE but for the second dynasty it is between 2890-2670BCE. This shows that the unification under the second dynasty rule did not last and every king had to put up with civil unrests. Records of the time show that mostly all the unrest was between the lower and upper halves of Egypt and there was no foreign element at play.
Unification under Narmer’s rule was most assuredly done under a military campaign and not through peaceful means. This was as depicted by the palette.
Narmer Palette Depictions:
On one side of the palette we see Narmer wearing the war crown of Upper Egypt as well as the wicker crown signifying his defeat of Lower Egypt. At the bottom of the same side we see two people capturing the entwined bodies of two serpentine beasts. The two serpentine beasts are commonly interpreted as being the Lower and Upper halves of Egypt. There is however no proof for this interpretation.
Still lower on the section, the king is depicted as a bull ramming the city walls and trampling his enemies with his hooves.
The other side of the Narmer Palette shows a single large image of Narmer with his war club with which he is about to strike down his enemy that he is holding by the hair. Beneath his feet are two men who are either dead or trying to escape his wrath. At the back of the king is a servant who holds his sandals and above is the god Horus that is supposedly pleased with the proceedings.
Never was he to travel any road a second time is something that was followed by Medieval history’s most renowned travelers- Ibn Battuta. Ibn Battuta lived by this mantra too.
A famous scholar and traveler, Ibn Battuta made his passion for travelling around the world not only his source of income but also what he is most famous for. Ibn Battuta is one of the greatest Muslim travelers of the medieval centuries. Many would even argue that he is the best.
Where the traveling all Began:
Ibn Battuta belonged to a Muslim family known to produce judges or qadis as they were commonly called. Typical of being born in a Muslim adjudicators family, Ibn Battuta received the traditional juristic and literary education in Tangier, Morocco.
After that, to fulfil his duty and widen his ever increasing knowledge base, he decided to go to mecca for Hajj. It was over there that he also decided to learn under other famous scholars of the time in Egypt, Syria and Hejaz.
To say that he accomplished what he set out for would be an understatement. Not only are there records showing the various enumerations from the scholars he studied under, but there are also various diplomas to his credit. These diplomas qualified him for various judicial offices as well. But his educational background does not end here either, the claim that he was also a former pupil of the then highly renowned authorities on Islamic sciences, made him a guest star in many courts.
Ibn Battuta- The Passion for Travel:
It was only after travelling to Egypt that the passion for travels was born. After landing in Egypt through Tunis and Tripoli, Ibn Battuta decided that he loved travelling. That is when he decided that he would never travel any road twice.
While at that time Ibn Battuta’s contemporaries travelled for pilgrimage or trade or education, he traveled because he simply- enjoyed it. It was at Egypt where Ibn Battuta’s love for different countries and it’s people blossomed. He just had to learn more.
But it was not only fun and games either; Ibn Battuta made a living from his journeys as well. Using his scholarly status he enjoyed the benevolence of many a ruler and sultan alike. This thus gave him an income that contributed to all his travels.
The Journey of Ibn Battuta:
After Cairo, Ibn Battuta visited Syria. It was here that he joined a caravan to Mecca. He thus completed his pilgrimage in the year 1326. After this he then travelled via the Arabian desert to Iraq and then onward to Iran, Azerbaijan and then to Baghdad. It was in Baghdad that he met the last of the Mongol
Khans of Iran- Abu Said. Besides that he also came to know many other lesser rulers of that time. For many years Ibn Battuta spent life as a devotee in Mecca between 1327 to 1330. But this long stay as a devotee was short lived. Ibn Battuta soon realized that life as a devote was not for him and in 1327 he set sail to Yemen.
Arriving at Yemen he then crossed it by land and then set sail again from Aden.
His travels then brought him to the eastern African coast. Ibn Battuta then traveled the length of the coast visiting all their trading routes. The return journey took him through southern Arabia, Oman, Hormuz, southern Persia as well as across the Persian Gulf. All this travels culminated back to Mecca in 1332.
Ibn Battuta’s Visit to India:
After that Ibn Battuta set his sights on the Sultan of Delhi. Hearing of the Sultan’s favorable treatment of Muslim scholars, Ibn Battuta decided to try his luck in Muhammad Bin Tughlaq’s court in Delhi. His travel again started off in Egypt and then ended in a boat sailing to Asia Minor. This brought him across the upcoming Ottoman Empire and his history of that region during that time.
After stopping in a number of locations and receiving the hospitality of various rulers and sultans of the time, he then embarked on his journey to India. After traversing the Hindu Kush range he then arrived at the frontiers of India.
Ibn Battuta’s stay in India:
At this point Ibn Battuta was already a man of high regard both in his circles of travelers as well as scholars. At this point in his journey he had a number of followers and attendants as well. Through his journey to India he also brought with him his own harem of wives and concubines.
The Tughlaq dynasty emperor lived to Ibn Battuta’s every expectation. Not only was he highly generous in his welcome and the numerous gifts he showered on Ibn Battuta, he also made him qadi of Delhi, A post that he was to hold by him for several years.
Life at court was not all that glamorous:
For a few years life at court seemed easy and full of promise. But then shortly danger set its sights on everyone at court. Sultan Muhammed was known for his generosity but Ibn Battuta soon realized for his cruelty as well. The Sultan ruled the greater part of northern India with an Iron fist. This iron fist did not seem to discriminate between Hindu or Muslim. While his bad temperament stayed outdoors for a short duration they soon set their sights indoors as well, namely his courts.
The Sultan grew more and more suspicious of people in his court every day. Ibn Battuta started seeing many of his friends fall a prey to the Sultan’s increasing suspicions. It was not surprising then that he too fell from the Sultan’s good graces. But in a matter of time, he again came into the Sulatn’s good books and became envoy to China in 1342.
His journey to China was waylaid with problems right from being attacked by Hindu Insurgents to being shipwrecked with all the gifts he had for the Chinese emperor. At this point, Ibn Battuta was seriously afraid of the Sultan and decided to go to the Maldive Islands. It is here that he got married into the royal family and even aspired to be Sultan someday himself.
Photo: Arrow Media
